Why was topeka founded

Board of Education Also in , Topeka was involved in the landmark U. Supreme Court case, Brown vs. In an attempt to gain equal educational opportunities for their children, black community leaders in Topeka took action against segregation in America's schools and won.

Ferguson decision that had been on the books since , helped set the stage for the newest round of civil rights activism. The Brown vs. Psychiatric groundbreakers During the 20th century, Topeka stood as a worldwide leader in psychiatric research and care. From to , the famous Menninger Clinic in Topeka treated patients with severe mental illness.

Comprising the first group psychiatry practice, founders Drs. Ritchie was instrumental in drafting an anti-slavery constitution that finally passed the electorate in Serving under President Herbert Hoover , Curtis also was the last individual with facial hair a mustache to hold one of those offices. His mother was a member of the Kaw or Kanza tribe, from which the name Kansas was derived.

The Kaw are closely related to the Osage Nation. Republican Alf Landon ran unsuccessfully against Franklin D. Among the first permanent settlers in this area were three French-Canadian Pappan brothers.

They married three Kanza Kansas Indian sisters and established a ferry over the river in Charles Curtis served with President Herbert C. Hoover from to Because the Oregon Trail crossed the river at Topeka, several ferry boat services were established and prospered. In May, , a privately built bridge was constructed across the Kansas River connecting Topeka with the community of Eugene, now known as North Topeka.

Railroads have played a key role in the development of Topeka, including the St. The men drew up an agreement, which later became the basis for the Topeka Association, the organization mainly responsible for the establishment and early growth of Topeka. The nine men were Cyrus K. Holliday, F. Giles, Daniel H. Chase, M.

Dickey, Charles Robinson and L. Holliday as Mayor. After a decade of abolitionist and pro-slavery conflict, the Kansas territory was admitted to the Union in as the 34th state. Topeka was finally chosen as the capital with Dr. Charles Robinson as the first Governor. Topeka is also on U. Highway 24 about 50 miles east of Manhattan, Kansas and U.

Highway 40 about 30 miles west of Lawrence, Kansas. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of In , Forbes named Topeka as one of the leading U. Over the course of a year, the monthly daily average temperature ranges from The average window for freezing temperatures is October 15 through April The area receives nearly Generally, the spring and summer have the most rainfall, with autumn and winter being fairly dry.

During a typical year, the total amount of precipitation may vary from 25 to 47 inches to 1, mm. Much of the rainfall is delivered by thunderstorms. These can be severe, producing frequent lightning , large hail , and sometimes tornadoes.

An average of days of measurable precipitation occur per year. Winter snowfall is light, as is the case in most of the state, as a result of the dry, sunny weather patterns that dominate Kansas winters, which do not allow for sufficient moisture for significant snowfall.

Winter snowfall averages Snow depth of at least an inch occurs an average of 20 days per year. As of the census of , the city had , people, 53, households, and 30, families. The population density was 2, The 59, housing units averaged The city's racial makeup was Hispanics or Latinos of any race were Non-Hispanic Whites were Altogether, government workers make up one out of every five employed persons in the city.

The educational, health, and social services industry makes up the largest proportion of the working population The four school districts employ nearly 4, people, and Washburn University employs about 1, The retail trade employs more than a tenth of the working population Nearly another tenth is employed in manufacturing 9.

Jostens announced plans in May to move production from its Topeka facility to Clarksville, Tennessee , affecting about employee positions. Other industries are finance, insurance, real estate, and rental and leasing 7.

Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Kansas is the largest insurance employer, with about 1, employees. BNSF Railway is the largest transportation employer, with about 1, Evergy employs nearly About a tenth of the working population is employed in public administration 9. The Topeka Symphony Orchestra was founded in The restaurant has been called "a landmark as significant as the state Capitol" for many Kansans.

In a documentary short film, Transcendent Deli, was made about the restaurant, focusing on its chili and pickles. The City Manager is responsible to the Topeka's City Council , which consists of the Mayor and nine members elected from separate districts within the city. The city council members select the Deputy Mayor from among themselves. The Deputy Mayor chairs the Committee of the Whole and represents the City of Topeka at official functions whenever the Mayor is unavailable.

The City Manager also guides the council through the meetings but cannot vote. Old Governor's Mansion , replaced by Cedar Crest in and demolished the following year. Topeka is served by four public school districts, including:. There are also elementary and junior high schools supported by other Christian denominations. Hayden High School, a Catholic high school is also in Topeka, as well as Cornerstone Family Schools, a non-denominational Christian organization that offers junior and senior high school athletics to home-school families in the northeast Kansas area.

Cornerstone's mascot is "the Saints". Topeka has several colleges, universities, technical schools and branch campuses of other universities around the state. These include the following:. I , I, and I all go through the City of Topeka. I is part of the Kansas Turnpike where it passes through Topeka. SW Wanamaker Road. SE California Ave.

SW Gage Blvd. Passenger rail service provided by Amtrak stops at the Topeka Station.